A dental cleaning is a professional cleaning you receive from a dentist or dental hygienist. Cleanings should be performed regularly every six months to prevent excessive plaque buildup with your referring dentist. Plaque left untreated can lead to unhealthy gums and tooth decay. A routine dental cleaning should include scaling, root planning and polishing. Scaling is the process of removing plaque and tartar from all tooth surfaces in a variety of methods, depending on the amount of plaque and tartar.